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BIOMASS

Biomass is a feedstock to generate green renewable and more sustainable energy. The organic feedstock is a mixture of organic and wood waste. The feedstock consists of: 

 

  • Scrap woods (pellets, corn and wood chips) 

  • Mill residuals 

  • Organic and crop waste 

  • Forest debris

 

Biomass is already a well-established process to generate electricity and heat supply and date from the Scottish government indicate biomass capacity of 258 MW in 2016.

 

 

 

How is electricity generated?

Bioenergy biomass power plant the 44 MWe Bubbling Fluidised Bed system at Steven's Croft,. Lockerbie in Scotland

The feedstock from landfill is sent to the Biomass Power Plant and shredded, the shredded feedstock is then processed in a boiler in high temperature. The product from the boiler produces high pressure steam which is send through pipeline to run the turbine. When the turbine is rotated with steam this will then allow the generator to produce electricity. The diagram below is a basic process diagram.  

Biomass process

Further components need o implemented to the system which are pumps, fans condensers and cooling towers1. 

This process is known as combustion or gasification to generate greener electricity supply when using wood waste. We have focused on electricity generation by using wood from landfill, demolition and construction.

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Advantages

 

  • Reducing landfill burden as waste will be used as feedstock for electricity generation 

  • Greener electricity produce as carbon emissions are very low  

  • Any carbon that is emitted and released to the atmosphere will be absorbed by trees and plants 

  • It can operate around the clock as it is a consistent and reliable energy production, a form of dispatchable. 

  • Biomass power plant is only a viable economic and environment viable when wood waste from construction, demolition and landfill is used instead cutting down trees 

  • The combined heat and power (CHP) system generates a great efficiency of nearly 80% 2 when combined in the generator 

  • Biomass can also be used for heating and it can use other waste for feedstock which is human, animal and agricultural waste.

 

Biomass has many positive factors but what are the negative implications? 

 

  • When feedstock is processed to generate electricity the wood components are burned and heated, it emits carbon dioxide and the products of ash which becomes a problem of the environment. However, this will be less than from fossil fuels 

  • Biomass power stations are a complex system and maintenance will be a problem.

 

Environmental Impact 

 

Biomass seems to be a viable and greener energy generation. As Biomass is combusted, little emission is emitted compared to fossil fuel and still reflects environmental impact.  When wood waste is burned, harmful gasses are emitted for example carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur oxide depending on feedstock components. If these are emitted to the atmosphere they will form acid rain. This can be reduced in the processing stage when using scrubbers, to neutralize the acids and gas towers with filters to remove and process toxins. 

 

The gasses produced when burning biomass can be controlled to lower environmental and health risk. 

The by-product produced is ash. Ash is an inorganic dry mineral residue which can be a neutral and alkaline product and needs to be disposed in a safe manner. For this residue certain environmental legislation and health safety is required in the plant and outside the site. 

Reference:​

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